Formatting Guidelines

To ensure your submission adheres to our formatting standards, please follow the guidelines below:

Initial Submission Requirements

The initial submission should refer to the Preparing your material page, which includes:

Manuscript
Cover letter – Detailed contents are provided in the Preparing your material page.
Supplementary material – Content is flexible with no specific formatting requirements.

Adhere to peer review requirements: If opting for double-blind peer review, provide author information in the cover letter and remove it from the manuscript. Failure to remove author information from the manuscript will result in the manuscript being returned at the initial review stage, with encouragement to resubmit after formatting correction.
Refer to the Template File for formatting requirements. For formats not specified in the Template File, refer to the APA 7th guidelines.

Placement: Figures and tables should be embedded within the manuscript at the appropriate locations.
Quality: Ensure that figures and tables are of high quality to ensure clarity.

Necessity: Only if absolutely necessary, figures and tables can be submitted as separate files. This should be noted in the cover letter.

Authors must adhere to the word limits specified for different Content Types.

Authors must adhere to ethical guidelines in their research and publication practices. Any ethical concerns or conflicts of interest must be disclosed. These disclosures should be included in the manuscript.
Authors should ensure all data and materials related to their research are available for verification and replication. Details of data availability should be included in the manuscript or supplementary materials.
References must be in English and indexed in Google Scholar or another recognized database. While we understand that some authors may need to cite literature in other languages due to the specific nature of their research, such references should not make up the majority of the article. These references should be presented as footnotes, providing details on how to access the original language material for the convenience of readers.

When uploading, authors need to submit a PDF file based on the Template File.